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闯入鲜卑祖庭：一个仅存9000人的民族正被遗忘_我的网站

一 |     The Palestinian people make up one of the largest refugee groups in the world, often forced off their land or pushed to flee amid ongoing conflict in the region, according to the United Nations.They are stateless, their identity not defined by specific borders, but rather tied together by a collective longing for a place to call home. Their existence has long been traded and transferred by different ruling powers throughout their history, leaving their fate hanging in the balance.Palestinians are a diverse, multi-religious and multicultural group of roughly 14 million people internationally who trace their roots back to what is now known as the Israeli-Palestinian region of the Middle East.Many of them no longer remain there, spread across the globe. Those who remain in the Palestinian territory of Gaza have been under blockade, with Israel controlling nearly everything that comes in and out of the region, including food, fuel and people, and Egypt controlling Gaza’s southern border.Palestinians have been described as a "young society," with people between 15 and 29 years old comprising 30% of the population, according to the United Nations Population Fund.Amid the ongoing Israel-Hamas conflict in the Middle East, Palestinians say they have been "dehumanized" and stereotyped amid the international backlash to Hamas' terrorist actions in Israel.In Gaza, at least 1,799 people have been killed in retaliatory strikes by Israel, with an estimated 7,388 more injured, numbers that are expected to climb. At least 1,300 people have been killed and 3,227 others have been injured in Israel from Hamas attacks.Palestinian historians add that the people's long history of being ignored, attacked and displaced has left many misconceptions about the population unaddressed – something they now hope to remedy."As soon as you identify with them as people – as ordinary human beings – you cannot do to them what's now being done to them right now," said Ussama Makdisi, a history professor at the University of California Berkeley.For example, support for the "Free Palestine" or liberation movement has historically been painted as antisemitic. Palestinian historians say this is another misperception.The fight for liberation, Makdisi said, is about being able to "live with dignity and equality, in a political and social and economic environment where they can thrive like any other people."According to the United Nations, 81% of the population in Gaza lives in poverty, with food insecurity plaguing 63% of Gaza citizens. The unemployment rate is 46.6%, and access to clean water and electricity remains at "crisis" levels of inaccessibility, the U.N. states."Liberation means living with equality, which everybody, I think, once they understand that, most people I would say agree with it,” says Makdisi. “It's exactly what we wish for any people in the world, any people."

'Struggle for liberation'

Despite the difficult circumstances facing Palestinians around the world and in Palestinian territories, they love life, added Yousef Munayyer, a Palestinian-American writer and political analyst."People are looking for ways in the most difficult of moments to celebrate the beauty of life, even under oppression," Munayyer said. "This does not make Palestinians unique. It just makes them as human as everybody else."All of the Palestinian scholars with whom ABC News spoke said the Palestinian passion for fighting to be able to live with dignity has stretched beyond the movement for their own people. Palestinians have been a prominent voice in grassroots activism internationally, including the 2020 anti-racism movement that began in the United States and spread overseas.The young population of Palestinians particularly has moved the needle on their community’s involvement in global social movements, historians say. Nassar believes it’s because younger generations believe their international causes are connected, united in dismantling longstanding systems of oppression.

Palestinian resiliency

The Arabic idea of "sumud," or steadfastness, is a key part of how many Palestinians understand their collective identity, according to Maha Nassar, a history and Islamic studies professor at the University of Arizona. It highlights the near-universal call for liberation, freedom and equality among Palestinians existing in a region under constant conflict – a yearning for peace on Palestinian lands.Sumud can manifest in many ways. It could be as simple as proclaiming one's pride in their Palestinian heritage, or as complicated as grassroots organizing in social movements."Palestinians around the world have taken immense pride and gone to great lengths to ensure that their Palestinian culture and identity is not erased, just because their state does not yet exist," said Nassar.。    上周我去了两个很多人都陌生的地方，甚至不知道在哪里。齐齐哈尔的名气大一些，加格达奇就很少有人知道了。                   东北有几个独有的少数民族，比如鄂伦春族、鄂温克族、达斡尔族、赫哲族以及起源于东北的满族，这几个民族除了满族之外都是人口很少的，特别是鄂伦春，目前不到一万人，居住在离加格达奇很近的鄂伦春自治旗。                   这次旅程虽很短暂，但是深入到了大兴安岭地区，很冷，很值得。                   a、加格达奇是大兴安岭地区最大的城市，大兴安岭地区行政公署是一个类似地级市的行政单位，属于黑龙江省管理，但是其中加格达奇和另外一个松岭区在内蒙古境内，这两个地方是属于黑龙江的飞地。                   作者供图                    b、加格达奇这城市名一听肯定有来头，是鄂伦春语里“有樟子松的地方”的意思，紧挨着呼伦贝尔市的鄂伦春自治旗，基本上想体验鄂伦春人的民俗就是先到加格达奇，再开车到隔壁的鄂伦春旗。                   c、喜欢历史的朋友肯定知道南北朝的北魏是拓跋鲜卑族开创，而鲜卑人的起源就在鄂伦春旗的嘎仙洞，这里是鲜卑人的祖庭，龙兴之地，曾经是北方中原的霸主上百年。                   今天的鄂伦春族和历史上鲜卑人有非常紧密的连接，虽不能说就是今天的鲜卑人，但生活的区域、习俗、宗教信仰都是一样的，鄂伦春人很可能是鲜卑人的一个分支延续至今。

二 |                    d、鹿是鄂伦春人的图腾，他们平时会戴鹿角帽子，我这次参加了一个和鄂伦春政府合作的商业综艺节目的录制，基本上全程都是鄂伦春元素的展示，他们的民歌、舞蹈、射箭和传统服饰等等，在森林河水旁，听他们唱着传统的民歌，对这个目前只有9000多人的民族有了点了解。                   e、真人体验性的综艺节目我知道是如何制作的了，基本上先要在很多场景里拍摄素材。比如这次，找了很多商业界的代表来到鄂伦春，和当地文旅部门一起给当地文旅和农产品出点子，参加综艺的人已经在这里待了半个月，记录下所有的素材，后期制作至少两个月，一个季度播一季，下一季再换一个地方合作，比如云南、西藏某地文旅部门。                   过程中有常驻嘉宾，这个要求是最高的，因为需要全程参与，比如这次要两周多，就时间配合这一点就很难做到，中间会有一些重要嘉宾来客串下，比如待个1～2天。                   综艺如何赚钱？                    （1）靠合作的地方政府给钱，比如鄂伦春需要扩大影响力，增加文旅流量。他们需要媒体平台，需要创新的内容。虽然综艺已经不新鲜了，但是信息是有代际的，不是平的。                   （2）这次综艺节目的制作方会通过芒果和湖南卫视播出。

三 | 实际上综艺制作方是工厂，生产的节目是产品，卖给电视台和网络平台播出，通过平台方和自己的广告招商拿到收入的分成或者一次性打包卖给平台方。                   今天的综艺太多太多了，美食的、户外生存的、厨艺的、旅行的、亲子的、商业文旅的等等，基本上就是类似流水线的生产一样，和电视剧、电影一样被一批一批地制造出来。                   f、深秋的大兴安岭从飞机要降落加格达奇机场开始，满眼的金黄色，飘着一层薄雪。

四 | 从色彩来说，非常美，只是很冷，冷到我在户外坐着的时候需要贴好几个暖宝宝，特别是起风的时候，会深刻体会到这就是东北。格外佩服冬天在户外狩猎的鄂伦春人，他们千百年来生活在森林里度过漫长的冬季，鲜卑人能够征服中原，能征善战，生命力顽强一定是有原因的。                   g、周五晚我登上绿皮火车从加格达奇到齐齐哈尔，穿越茫茫山林，400多公里用了6个半小时。今天我看到短视频说加格达奇火车站之后就要拆除重新盖，在这个森林小城的车站里候车居然成为了历史的绝唱。                   h、这个小城和中国大多数县城差异不大，商业业态都有，除了一些不会辐射到这里的连锁品牌之外，餐厅里是东北风格，菜量大一定的，餐厅阿姨让我就点一个菜，这当然不行，还是要多尝两样。                   作者供图                    足疗店里的老板非常的悠闲，有客人就不急不慢地伺候着，没客人就看短视频看剧。                   最大的区别就是他们呼吸的空气中负氧离子爆表，每天都被洗肺，想必这里患呼吸道疾病的人应该很少。                   i、这里有火车到漠河、齐齐哈尔、哈尔滨，绿皮火车居多，还没有高铁，估计也不会建高铁。                   作者供图                    这里有一个机场，航班不多，直飞的航线只有哈尔滨、大连和海拉尔，到北京和上海是经停的航线，虽然航线少，航班少，但至少和大城市连接起来了。                   j、六个半小时的绿皮火车从加格达奇到齐齐哈尔，开车只要四个多小时。

五 | 齐齐哈尔是达斡尔语“天然的牧场”的意思，所以这里一定有达斡尔族，这里能出一个飞鹤品牌也是必然的。                   达斡尔族人也不多，但还有十几万人，在齐齐哈尔就有达斡尔族区。                   k、齐齐哈尔是黑龙江第二大城市，我感觉像一个大号的县城，可能北方的城市都差不多吧。曾经的重工业基地，曾经的黑龙江省会，出过很多名人，梁龙、毛不易和最近被禁言的张雪峰，还有上太空的航天员等等，是个人杰地灵和历史悠久的城市。                   每个城市应该都有齐齐哈尔烤肉吧，但估计大多数人不知道齐齐哈尔在哪。                   两三年前我做过一次大兴安岭的自驾计划，当时就有加格达奇和齐齐哈尔，但没能成行，明年夏天肯定会出发。                   这里的元素很多，民族、历史、自然的元素都有了，而且路况好，没有压力。                   人进入大自然心情就会爽，无论是森林、湖泊、草原还是沙漠，或者是海边。                   大兴安岭好像很远似的。其实不远，飞几个小时就到，落地就开车出发。大部分人总是想要准备的十分充分才会动身，往往就预设了太多前置条件，比如时间、同伴、攻略计划和心情等等，其实没有什么绝对的准备好，出发是最重要的。

六 |                    本文来自微信公众号：泰格说实话，作者：嘟嘟2013。

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